Tanulmány címe: EU Industrial Policy Through State Aid? The National- European Nexus
Szerző: Papp Mónika tudományos munkatárs (ELTE TK Jogtudományi Intézet)
Opponensek:
- Éltető Andrea tudományos főmunkatárs, kutatócsoport-vezető, ELTE KRTK, Világgazdasági Kutatóintézet
- Varju Márton kutatóprofesszor, ELTE TK JTI
Helyszín: Humán Tudományok Háza, Jogtudományi Intézet Tanácsterem (1097. Budapest, Tóth Kálmán Utca 4.)
Időpont: 2026. április 30. 10:00.
A beszélgetés nyelve: magyar
A tanulmány absztraktja:
This paper examines the evolving relationship between European Union (EU) state aid control and national industrial policies within a heterogeneous economic landscape. Traditionally, EU state aid rules functioned as a disciplinary mechanism to prevent competition distortions and "subsidy races". However, recent global crises and shifting geopolitical dynamics have prompted a "geoeconomic turn," repositioning state aid as a strategic tool to foster open strategic autonomy and competitiveness in critical sectors like semiconductors, green tech, and raw materials.
The paper analyzes the different roles of the European Commission, which has transitioned from a neutral arbiter to an active broker of cross-border industrial alliances and Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Budgeting, which remains intergovernmental, is the main factor that will shape the future of EU industrial policy. Debates surrounding the European Competitiveness Fund reveal unresolved questions about solidarity and and the future of common financing. The persistence of divergent national fiscal capacities and industrial preferences will continue to generate tensions within the ‘European-national nexus’.
Ultimately, this paper concludes that, while State aid policy increasingly steers national resources toward EU priorities, it remains insufficient on its own to create a fully fledged EU industrial policy in the absence of broader institutional and financial integration. As a result, EU industrial policy continues to rely predominantly on national implementation and national resources. For State aid law in particular, the key challenge lies in defining efficiency-enhancing aid through setting administrable conditions to increase EU’s competitiveness compared to third countries. In this regard, streamlining and simplification of diverse and overly complex rules are welcome, provided that the core economic conditionality remains valid.